腹壁可触动肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他发炎.. Urachal Cyst 裹尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )裹尿管出血见于裹和膀胱错综复杂，一般来说座落在裹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落在裹下。这些出血可表现为基本上无调谐或较高调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，裹尿管出血，此出血已受感染者，核心富含微弱调谐的液体。B，裹尿管出血，紧迫的出血前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳腺乳腺高血压Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润乳腺乳腺高血压是乳腺做切除术的长期合并症，无多种不同表现，但可于以前切除术的瘢痕不远处见一局部肿物，并有周期特质的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤不远处乳腺乳腺高血压

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).肩直肌鞘血肿可发生于心脏病特质咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫心脏病后，其根本原因一般来说是抗凝治疗或出血特质哮喘。由于血肿管制于肩直肌鞘内，一般来说不很大，其外形根据所不远处前面而定，在交叉直通以上，血肿都为暗红色，天文单位呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（上图13A）；在交叉直通请注意，由于肩白直通缺如，可构建偏东当中直通，因此血肿表现为分管状，其较大大小座落在纵轴上。在新生儿浸润血肿可见于裹上平行构建（上图13B、C）。术后致密特质肩腔内心肌的治疗可于浸润切除术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一当中年妇女不稳定的咳嗽后肩直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示肩横脊柱。B，新生儿浸润血肿。C，一新生儿裹微血管表层不远处前面的浸润血肿。UV，裹微血管。D，一致密特质肩腔内心肌的剖宫产术后治疗疤痕不远处浸润血肿。

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